你是不是也经常搞不清什么时候该用”have done”而不是”did”?别急,兔哥这就把八大时态的结构用法掰开揉碎讲给你听!??
先来看个表格快速了解八大时态的核心结构? :
时态名称 | 基本结构 | 典型时间状语 | 举个栗子?? |
|---|---|---|---|
一般现在时 | 动词原形/三单+s,es | always, often, every day | He plays basketball every Sunday. |
一般过去时 | 动词过去式 | yesterday, ago, last week | She watched a movie last night. |
一般将来时 | will do / be going to do | tomorrow, next week | They will visit the museum tomorrow. |
现在进行时 | am/is/are + doing | now, at the moment | Look! It is raining outside. |
过去进行时 | was/were + doing | at this time yesterday | I was doing homework at 7 pm yesterday. |
现在完成时 | have/has + done | since, for, already, yet | I have already finished my work. |
过去完成时 | had + done | by the end of last… | The train had left when I arrived. |
过去将来时 | would do / was going to do | the next day | He said he would come to the party. |
很多同学分不清现在完成时和一般过去时——记住一个关键点:现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,比如”I’ve lost my key”意味着现在还没找到钥匙;而”I lost my key yesterday”只是陈述昨天发生的事。
三大易混时态对比? :
过去进行时 vs 一般过去时:过去进行时强调动作正在进行的状态(I was reading when he called),一般过去时表示完成的动作(I read a book yesterday)
一般将来时两种表达:will do更多表示临时决定或客观预测,be going to do更强调计划或已有迹象
过去完成时的”时间锚点”:一定要有明确的过去时间参照,比如”When I arrived, the meeting had started”
博主在教学过程中发现,学生最容易出错的是现在完成时中延续性动词与瞬间性动词的区分。比如”have bought”不能与”for three years”连用,要改成”have had”才行。
实际做题时,先找时间状语判断时间点,再看动作状态是已完成、进行中还是未发生。比如看到”for 3 years”优先考虑完成时,看到”at that time”可能用过去进行时。
有个小窍门——用时间轴可视化理解:把过去、现在、未来画成一条线,每个时态在线上找到对应位置,这样抽象概念就具体多了??。
时态学习不要死记硬背,多读例句培养语感更重要。兔哥建议每天造5个不同时态的句子,坚持两周就能形成条件反射啦!
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